Question 1

What is safety case development?

Accepted Answer

The development of a safety case involves the effective identification, evaluation and control of potential hazards, as well as a positive argument to justify the various choices that have been made to provide for the facility's safety.

A key consideration of the safety case system is the “ALARP” concept, which requires employers to reduce the risk of hazards to As Low As Reasonably Practicable. “Reasonably practicable” roughly means ‘reasonably possible without undue disproportionate economic cost for the minimal benefit to safety.”

Question 2

How do you make a safety case?

Accepted Answer

The development of a safety case involves the effective identification, evaluation and control of potential hazards, as well as a positive argument to justify the various choices that have been made to provide for the facility's safety.

A key consideration of the safety case system is the “ALARP” concept, which requires employers to reduce the risk of hazards to As Low As Reasonably Practicable. “Reasonably practicable” roughly means ‘reasonably possible without undue disproportionate economic cost for the minimal benefit to safety.”

Question 3

What is an HSE safety case?

Accepted Answer

A safety case is a written demonstration of evidence and due diligence provided by a corporation to demonstrate that it has the ability to operate a facility safely and can effectively control hazards.

A key consideration of the safety case system is the “ALARP” concept, which requires employers to reduce the risk of hazards to As Low As Reasonably Practicable. “Reasonably practicable” roughly means 'reasonably possible without undue disproportionate economic cost for the minimal benefit to safety.'

Question 4

Why are safety cases important?

Accepted Answer

A safety case will help to drive the applicant to meet its public safety objectives and provide for accountability in doing so. All stakeholders (including the regulator) need to have confidence that applicants have carefully thought through and tested how they will keep the public safe. An effective safety case will give confidence to all parties that the applicant is committed to having an operation that carefully considers and manages the risks to public safety, and that they have the capability and capacity to do so.

Question 5

Who needs a safety case?

Accepted Answer

Organisations that operate facilities with major hazards that could cause catastrophic damage to health, safety, and the environment are commonly required to submit a safety case.

Question 6

What is a safety case advisor?

Accepted Answer

A Safety Case Advisor is responsible for supporting the Safety Case Manager in developing, maintaining and reviewing the Safety Case for their area.

Question 7

What is operational safety case?

Accepted Answer

Operational safety case is a document that consist the information for an installation to demonstrate that there are effective means for ensuring a safe operation throughout facility life. In addition, safety case ensures a comprehensive hazard management process implemented to demonstrate risk has been reduced to As Low As Reasonably Practical (ALARP).

Question 8

What is safety case in functional safety?

Accepted Answer

A safety case is a document which provides a clear and comprehensive argument , supported by evidence to demonstrate that a system is acceptably safe to operate in a particular environment.

Question 9

What is process incidents?

Accepted Answer

Process incidents, also known as process safety incidents (PSIs), refer to accidental events or failures that occur within an industrial process, leading to potential hazards, injuries, or damage to equipment and the environment.

Question 10

What are process safety incidents generally caused by?

Accepted Answer

Process safety incidents are generally caused by equipment failures, human errors, and inadequate safety procedures.

Question 11

What is the purpose of process safety?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of process safety is to prevent incidents, injuries, and property damage by implementing measures to identify, assess, and control risks associated with hazardous processes and materials in industries such as chemical and petrochemical.

Question 12

How do you prevent process safety incidents?

Accepted Answer

Process safety incidents can be inhibited by employing effective communication, provide workers with appropriate training, and ensure that a firm and well updated policies / procedures in place.

Question 13

How does future PSM address the growing issue of cybersecurity?

Accepted Answer

Future Process Safety Management technologies can address cybersecurity through the integration of advanced AI-powered threat detection and prevention systems, which allows constant surveillance for anomalies and suspicious activities in network activities by taking a proactive approach to cybersecurity.

Question 14

What is the role of digital twins in PSM?

Accepted Answer

The role of digital twins in PSM is important as they provide virtual replicas of physical systems that enable simulation and prediction of system behaviour under various scenarios. Digital twins can monitor, detect, and analyze potential hazards, leading to improved safety and decreased risk of accidents.

Question 15

What role will AI play in Process Safety Management in the future?

Accepted Answer

In the future of PSM, AI can use primarily to predict potential risks, facilitate real-time decision-making, and improve maintenance procedures. It allows for the analysis of large data sets to spot patterns and predict equipment failures or disruptions in operations, thus improving efficiency and safety. Moreover, AI can aid in making real-time decisions by providing actionable insights, greatly reducing the risk of human error.

Question 16

What is the future trend in process safety?

Accepted Answer

The future of process safety is moving towards increased use of digital technologies, such as AI, IoT, advanced analytics, robotics and digital twins for real-time risk assessment and predictive maintenance.

Question 17

What is HAZOP in process safety?

Accepted Answer

HAZOP stands for Hazard and Operability Study, which is a systematic and structured method of identifying and evaluating hazards in industrial processes.

Question 18

Why is HAZOP required?

Accepted Answer

HAZOP can help to identify and solve the common operability issues such as maintenance, startup, isolations, etc. as it provides a rigorous and systematic check of the design in terms of safety, operability, and conformity to the standards.

Question 19

How is HAZOP carried out?

Accepted Answer

HAZOP is a brainstorming session – carried out in workshop format – with objectives to identify any design or operability issue within the facility that might lead to safety or operation problems. HAZOP session should consist of a team with a multidisciplinary background, guided
by a Facilitator. To help the brainstorming done systematically list of guidewords is used during the workshop and a Scribe will minutes the points result from the brainstorming.

Question 20

What is the main purpose of the HAZOP study?

Accepted Answer

HAZOP study is done to identify design or operational faults etc. leading to safety or operability problems.

Question 21

How do you prepare for HAZOP?

Accepted Answer

Typically, the scope of the HAZOP is discussed in the document known as the Terms of Reference. This document will be passed to the attendees, along with marked-up P&IDs which indicate how the process is split up into nodes.

Question 22

When should HAZOP be done?

Accepted Answer

HAZOP can be done at any stage of a project as long as sufficient information is available such as piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID). HAZOP can be revisited when there’s a design change impacting the P&IDs.

Question 23

What are the types of HAZOP?

Accepted Answer

(a) HAZOP for Continuous Operations
(b) HAZOP for Batch Operations
(c) Procedural HAZOP (i.e., Start-Up)
(d) Control HAZOP (CHAZOP)
(e) Electrical HAZOP (EHAZOP)/ Electrical Systems Safe Operability Review (SAFOP)

Question 24

What is difference between PHA and HAZOP?

Accepted Answer

Process Hazards Analysis (PHA) is a study of process hazards that include methods like HAZOP, What-If and Checklist. Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic technique for identifying possible hazards in a work process.

Question 25

How do you identify nodes in Hazop?

Accepted Answer

Identified nodes through:
1) Design Intent
2) Significant change of process conditions
3) Equipment/System

Navigating Hazards: Importance of Safety Cases in the Oil & Gas Industry

Process Safety Incidents: Causes, Consequences, and Lessons Learned

The Future of Process Safety Management: Trends and Technologies

HAZOP Vs PHA – Understanding The Terms

How to Conduct a Process Hazard Analysis: Methods & Steps to Follow

ePSM by SOG Academy: Your Fastest Route to Start Learning Process Safety Management