Turbulent Buffeting is the random turbulence that can excite tubes into vibration at their natural frequency by selectively extracting energy from a highly turbulent flow of gas across the bundle. This is a typical scenario in a heat exchanger.Continue Reading

Piping vibration can be mitigated by the following measures: Adding support to main piping to ensure mechanical natural frequency does not occur with pulsation frequency (which may cause vibration issues) Adding damping to main piping where the piping vibration is high. Reinforcing/enhancing the pipe stiffness can reduce vibration issues Adding supporting valves which add weight...Continue Reading

Acoustics is important in studying the effects of sound vibrations and how they interact with their surroundings. This includes the effects of acoustics on building and equipment by measuring how structure-borne sounds move through buildings which can induce the vibration of structures. The attempts to reduce noise are often related to issues of vibration.Continue Reading

Acoustic frequency is the speed of the sound’s vibration which determines the pitch of the sound. Sound is caused by vibrations that transmit through a medium such as air and reach the ear or some other form of detecting device.Continue Reading

According to the literature, the main sources of vibration in a heat exchanger are vortex shedding, acoustical resonance, turbulent buffeting and fluid-elastic instability. In other instances, heat exchanger tubes tend to vibrate under the influence of crossflow velocities.Continue Reading

Acoustic protection is the application of soft and porous material to protect individuals against undesirable sounds and noises.Continue Reading

The acoustic system refers to sound, the sense of hearing, and sound waves of pressure travelling through air or other gases. Sound is acoustic energy in the audible range, i.e. acoustic energy capable of being heard.Continue Reading

The AIV Study aims to identify all piping sections downstream of the pressure-reducing valves (i.e. relief valves, blowdown valves, restriction orifices and control valves) which have the potential for AIV.Continue Reading

Acoustic-Induced Vibration (AIV) and Flow-Induced Vibration (FIV) are vibration phenomena that can cause fatigue failure in piping systems induced by acoustic phenomena and fluid flows.Continue Reading

Flow-Induced Vibration (FIV) is the result of turbulence in the process fluid, which occurs due to major flow discontinuities such as bends, tees, reducer, partially closed valves, branch connections and small-bore connections.Continue Reading